Six Principles of Ethics in Life of Prophet Muhammad
Late Iranian scholar Ayatollah Mohammad Reyshahri, in a book titled “Seerah of Last Prophet”, points to his key features. What follows are six principles that the Prophet (PBUH) adhered to throughout his life.
The first principle is that all behaviors of the Prophet are in harmony with the intellect. Here, intellect does not mean intelligence but rather refers to the power to protect a person from inappropriate acts. Imam Sadiq (AS) says that God did not send a messenger unless his intellect was perfect. If we find the place of reason in the Prophet's life, we can say that all his acts have been in line with rational analysis.
The second principle is sticking to and respecting rights. Basically, the Quran has given several names to itself and the Prophet's message, one of which is “sidq” (truth) and the other is “haqq” (right). Therefore, it is not possible that the behavior of the Prophet (PBUH) is not based on right. Haqq refers to a fixed and correct thing. In fact, what remains true and constant over time becomes a right. The Prophet's behavior was also both correct and fixed.
The third principle is the promotion of justice. He refers to a Quranic verse and says, I have been commanded to treat you fairly. In another place, he says that someone is the justest likes for people what he likes for himself.
The fourth basis is to be kind and benevolent. Kindness includes many things such as feeding and dressing others, helping others financially, etc. Prophet Muhammad was forgiving so much that a verse was revealed noting that don't give so much and keep some of your property, maybe tomorrow morning another poor person will be found to whom you need to pay something. The actions of the Prophet were also good, and for example, if he used swords, he was an exemplary swordsman. Imam Ali (AS) says that someone who fights alongside the Prophet is considered brave in war.
The fifth principle is conforming to norms. He did not behave outside the general norms of society. He ate the same food as other people. His sticking to norms in dressing and behavior was so much so that it was difficult for newcomers to Medina to distinguish him from his companions. In other words, he was polite and the main meaning of politeness is to observe the general norm.
The sixth principle is simplicity. Simplicity means having a simple ordinary life without high expenses. He was not interested in luxury and ceremonies. He used to talk and play with children and personally welcome the guests. All these are signs of simplicity in the life of the Prophet.
